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Registro completo
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Biblioteca (s) : |
INIA Tacuarembó. |
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Fecha : |
06/06/2019 |
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Actualizado : |
06/06/2019 |
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Autor : |
PÉREZ GOMAR, E.; REICHERT, M.M.; REINERT, D.J.; GARCÍA, F. |
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Afiliación : |
ENRIQUE PEREZ GOMAR CAPURRO, INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria), Uruguay; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brasil.; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brasil.; Universidad de la República (UdelaR)/ Facultad de Agronomía. |
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Título : |
Atributos do solo e biomassa radicular após quatro anos de semeadura direta de forrageiras de estação fria em campo natural dessecado com herbicidas ? [Soil properties and root system after four years of direct drilling of winter growing forage on a native grassfield dissected with herbicides]. |
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Fecha de publicación : |
2002 |
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Fuente / Imprenta : |
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2002;26(1):211-223 |
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ISSN : |
1806-9657 |
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DOI : |
10.1590/S0100-06832002000100022 |
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Idioma : |
Portugués |
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Notas : |
Parte da Tese de Mestrado do primeiro autor, apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, UFSM. Parcialmente financiada pelo Pronex-CNPq/FINEP. Article history: Recebido para publicação em agosto de 2000; aprovado em setembro de 2001. |
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Contenido : |
RESUMO: Os campos naturais, desenvolvidos sobre solos arenosos da região norte do Uruguai, são compostos por espécies forrageiras, sobretudo de gramíneas de produção estacional, com baixa produtividade no inverno. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da dessecação do campo natural no estabelecimento de espécies de estação fria em atributos do solo e biomassa radicular. O estudo, iniciado em 1994, utilizou delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subsubdivididas, com três repetições. Nas parcelas principais, em 1994, foram aplicados os tratamentos com herbicidas (paraquat 0,60 g ha-1 i.a., glifosate 0,36 g ha-1 i.a. e glifosate 1,44 g ha-1 i.a.) e testemunha sem herbicida em campo natural para a semeadura de pastagens de inverno. Nessas parcelas, a pastagem de inverno foi aveia preta (Avena strigosa L.), triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum L.). As subparcelas foram formadas pela reaplicação ou não dos herbicidas em 1995 e as subsubparcelas foram formadas pela reaplicação ou não dos herbicidas em 1996. As amostras de solo para determinar a biomassa radicular, a densidade do solo, o carbono (C) orgânico do solo, bases trocáveis, Al trocável e o pH do solo foram extraídas separadamente, em três subamostras, usando cilindro metálico de 7,65 cm de diâmetro e 40 cm
de comprimento. Os monolitos extraídos foram estratificados até 30 cm de profundidade nas camadas de 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 e 20-30 cm. A biomassa
radicular foi maior na testemunha do que a média dos tratamentos com herbicidas somente na camada de 0-5 cm, e, entre os tratamentos com herbicidas, a biomassa radicular foi maior com paraquat do que com o glifosate. A reaplicação de herbicidas, em 1995 e 1996, também ocasionou redução da biomassa radicular. Houve alta correlação positiva de C orgânico com a biomassa radicular. A redução de C orgânico para o tratamento mais agressivo de controle químico (glifosate 1,44 g i.a. ha-1) foi de 13%. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre as bases trocáveis, porém houve aumento no teor de Al trocável e na densidade do solo e redução na estabilidade de agregados com a redução do teor de matéria orgânica. O sistema com maior aplicação de herbicidas, desenvolvido para maior produção de forragem invernal, e com maior agressividade no controle do campo natural provocou maior transformação na comunidade vegetal, resultando em menor biomassa radicular e C orgânico, com conseqüências negativas quanto à acidez do solo e estrutura do solo. SUMMARY: Natural grassfields developed on sandy soils from Northern Uruguay are formed by communities of forage species, composed mainly of seasonal growing grasses, with low biomass production during the fall/winter period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of herbicides, applied on native grassfield to established winter forage species, on soil properties and root biomass. This experiment began in 1994 and was established as a complete block design, with three replications. In the main plots, to establish winter-growing the forage-species black oat (Avena strigosa L.), triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) on native grassfield, herbicides were applied (paraquat 0,60 g ha-1 a.i., glyphosate 0,36 g ha-1 a.i., glyphosate 1,44 g ha-1 a.i.) and a test without herbicide was used for comparison. The main plots were divided in 1995 forming a splitplot
design, where each plot received the same treatments on a half plot. The split-plots were divided in split-split-plot design in 1996, where each split-plot received the same treatments on a half split-plot. Soil samples to measure root biomass, bulk density, soil organic carbon, exchangeable bases and aluminum, and soil pH were taken in three separate samplings using a 7.65 cm diameter by 40 cm long metallic cylinder. The extracted soil
monoliths were stratified down to 30 cm to the following depths: 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 and 20-30 cm. Root biomass was higher where no herbicide was applied, as compared to herbicide treatments only at 0-5 cm depth as well as for paraquat application, as compared to glyphosate. The continuous herbicide application in 1995 and 1996 produced progressive root biomass reduction. There was a high positive correlation between root biomass and
soil organic carbon (SOC) and the latter reduced 13% due to the higher rate of chemical control (1.44 g ha-1 a.i. of glyphosate applied in 1994, 95 and 96). There was no effect of tested treatments on exchangeable bases, but Al3+ was affected. SOC changes were closely related to changes in soil structure, increasing bulk density and decreasing aggregate stability. The system with high rate of herbicide use, developed to obtain high winter forage biomass production and suppression of native grasses, induced great changes on plant community presenting, as a consequence, less root biomass and SOC with negative effect on soil acidity and aggregation. MenosRESUMO: Os campos naturais, desenvolvidos sobre solos arenosos da região norte do Uruguai, são compostos por espécies forrageiras, sobretudo de gramíneas de produção estacional, com baixa produtividade no inverno. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da dessecação do campo natural no estabelecimento de espécies de estação fria em atributos do solo e biomassa radicular. O estudo, iniciado em 1994, utilizou delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subsubdivididas, com três repetições. Nas parcelas principais, em 1994, foram aplicados os tratamentos com herbicidas (paraquat 0,60 g ha-1 i.a., glifosate 0,36 g ha-1 i.a. e glifosate 1,44 g ha-1 i.a.) e testemunha sem herbicida em campo natural para a semeadura de pastagens de inverno. Nessas parcelas, a pastagem de inverno foi aveia preta (Avena strigosa L.), triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum L.). As subparcelas foram formadas pela reaplicação ou não dos herbicidas em 1995 e as subsubparcelas foram formadas pela reaplicação ou não dos herbicidas em 1996. As amostras de solo para determinar a biomassa radicular, a densidade do solo, o carbono (C) orgânico do solo, bases trocáveis, Al trocável e o pH do solo foram extraídas separadamente, em três subamostras, usando cilindro metálico de 7,65 cm de diâmetro e 40 cm
de comprimento. Os monolitos extraídos foram estratificados até 30 cm de profundidade nas camadas de 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 e 20-30 cm. A biomassa
radicular foi mai... Presentar Todo |
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Palabras claves : |
CAMPO NATURAL; EXCHANGEABLE ALUMINIUM; PASTURAS; PASTURE MANAGEMENT; ROOTS; SOIL ORGANIC CARBON; SOIL STRUCTURE; URUGUAY. |
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Asunto categoría : |
A50 Investigación agraria |
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URL : |
http://www.ainfo.inia.uy/digital/bitstream/item/12784/1/Perez-Gomar-2002.pdf
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Marc : |
LEADER 06321naa a2200289 a 4500
001 1059822
005 2019-06-06
008 2002 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
022 $a1806-9657
024 7 $a10.1590/S0100-06832002000100022$2DOI
100 1 $aPÉREZ GOMAR, E.
245 $aAtributos do solo e biomassa radicular após quatro anos de semeadura direta de forrageiras de estação fria em campo natural dessecado com herbicidas ? [Soil properties and root system after four years of direct drilling of winter growing forage on a native grassfield dissected with herbicides].$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2002
500 $aParte da Tese de Mestrado do primeiro autor, apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, UFSM. Parcialmente financiada pelo Pronex-CNPq/FINEP. Article history: Recebido para publicação em agosto de 2000; aprovado em setembro de 2001.
520 $aRESUMO: Os campos naturais, desenvolvidos sobre solos arenosos da região norte do Uruguai, são compostos por espécies forrageiras, sobretudo de gramíneas de produção estacional, com baixa produtividade no inverno. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da dessecação do campo natural no estabelecimento de espécies de estação fria em atributos do solo e biomassa radicular. O estudo, iniciado em 1994, utilizou delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subsubdivididas, com três repetições. Nas parcelas principais, em 1994, foram aplicados os tratamentos com herbicidas (paraquat 0,60 g ha-1 i.a., glifosate 0,36 g ha-1 i.a. e glifosate 1,44 g ha-1 i.a.) e testemunha sem herbicida em campo natural para a semeadura de pastagens de inverno. Nessas parcelas, a pastagem de inverno foi aveia preta (Avena strigosa L.), triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum L.). As subparcelas foram formadas pela reaplicação ou não dos herbicidas em 1995 e as subsubparcelas foram formadas pela reaplicação ou não dos herbicidas em 1996. As amostras de solo para determinar a biomassa radicular, a densidade do solo, o carbono (C) orgânico do solo, bases trocáveis, Al trocável e o pH do solo foram extraídas separadamente, em três subamostras, usando cilindro metálico de 7,65 cm de diâmetro e 40 cm de comprimento. Os monolitos extraídos foram estratificados até 30 cm de profundidade nas camadas de 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 e 20-30 cm. A biomassa radicular foi maior na testemunha do que a média dos tratamentos com herbicidas somente na camada de 0-5 cm, e, entre os tratamentos com herbicidas, a biomassa radicular foi maior com paraquat do que com o glifosate. A reaplicação de herbicidas, em 1995 e 1996, também ocasionou redução da biomassa radicular. Houve alta correlação positiva de C orgânico com a biomassa radicular. A redução de C orgânico para o tratamento mais agressivo de controle químico (glifosate 1,44 g i.a. ha-1) foi de 13%. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre as bases trocáveis, porém houve aumento no teor de Al trocável e na densidade do solo e redução na estabilidade de agregados com a redução do teor de matéria orgânica. O sistema com maior aplicação de herbicidas, desenvolvido para maior produção de forragem invernal, e com maior agressividade no controle do campo natural provocou maior transformação na comunidade vegetal, resultando em menor biomassa radicular e C orgânico, com conseqüências negativas quanto à acidez do solo e estrutura do solo. SUMMARY: Natural grassfields developed on sandy soils from Northern Uruguay are formed by communities of forage species, composed mainly of seasonal growing grasses, with low biomass production during the fall/winter period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of herbicides, applied on native grassfield to established winter forage species, on soil properties and root biomass. This experiment began in 1994 and was established as a complete block design, with three replications. In the main plots, to establish winter-growing the forage-species black oat (Avena strigosa L.), triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) on native grassfield, herbicides were applied (paraquat 0,60 g ha-1 a.i., glyphosate 0,36 g ha-1 a.i., glyphosate 1,44 g ha-1 a.i.) and a test without herbicide was used for comparison. The main plots were divided in 1995 forming a splitplot design, where each plot received the same treatments on a half plot. The split-plots were divided in split-split-plot design in 1996, where each split-plot received the same treatments on a half split-plot. Soil samples to measure root biomass, bulk density, soil organic carbon, exchangeable bases and aluminum, and soil pH were taken in three separate samplings using a 7.65 cm diameter by 40 cm long metallic cylinder. The extracted soil monoliths were stratified down to 30 cm to the following depths: 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 and 20-30 cm. Root biomass was higher where no herbicide was applied, as compared to herbicide treatments only at 0-5 cm depth as well as for paraquat application, as compared to glyphosate. The continuous herbicide application in 1995 and 1996 produced progressive root biomass reduction. There was a high positive correlation between root biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC) and the latter reduced 13% due to the higher rate of chemical control (1.44 g ha-1 a.i. of glyphosate applied in 1994, 95 and 96). There was no effect of tested treatments on exchangeable bases, but Al3+ was affected. SOC changes were closely related to changes in soil structure, increasing bulk density and decreasing aggregate stability. The system with high rate of herbicide use, developed to obtain high winter forage biomass production and suppression of native grasses, induced great changes on plant community presenting, as a consequence, less root biomass and SOC with negative effect on soil acidity and aggregation.
653 $aCAMPO NATURAL
653 $aEXCHANGEABLE ALUMINIUM
653 $aPASTURAS
653 $aPASTURE MANAGEMENT
653 $aROOTS
653 $aSOIL ORGANIC CARBON
653 $aSOIL STRUCTURE
653 $aURUGUAY
700 1 $aREICHERT, M.M.
700 1 $aREINERT, D.J.
700 1 $aGARCÍA, F.
773 $tRevista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2002;26(1):211-223
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INIA Tacuarembó (TBO) |
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Biblioteca (s) : |
INIA Treinta y Tres. |
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Fecha actual : |
23/12/2022 |
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Actualizado : |
23/12/2022 |
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Tipo de producción científica : |
Artículos en Revistas Indexadas Internacionales |
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Circulación / Nivel : |
Internacional - -- |
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Autor : |
DIAS, C.S.; ARIAS-SIBILLOTTE, M.; TISCORNIA, G.; SEVERINO, V.; PASA, M.; HERTER, F.G.; MELLO-FARIAS, P.; CONDE, P. |
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Afiliación : |
CAMILA SCHWARTZ DIAS, Federal University of Pelotas, Department of Plant Science, Brasil.; MERCEDES ARIAS-SIBILLOTTE, Universidad de la República, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Unidad de Ecofisiología de Frutales. Uruguay; GUADALUPE TISCORNIA TOSAR, INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria), Uruguay; VIVIAN SEVERINO, Universidad de la República, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Unidad de Ecofisiología de Frutales. Uruguay; MATEUS PASA, Federal University of Pelotas, Department of Plant Science, Brasil.; FLÁVIO GILBERTO HERTER, Federal University of Pelotas, Department of Plant Science, Brasil.; PAULO MELLO-FARIAS, Federal University of Pelotas, Department of Plant Science, Brasil.; ANA PAULA CONDE INNAMORATO, INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria), Uruguay. |
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Título : |
Low spring temperature may negatively influence olive yield. |
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Fecha de publicación : |
2022 |
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Fuente / Imprenta : |
Australian Journal of Crop Science, 2022, volume 16, number 9, pages 1094-1100. OPEN ACCESS. doi: https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.09.p3602 |
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ISSN : |
1835-2707 |
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Idioma : |
Inglés |
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Contenido : |
The olive tree (Olea europaea L.), a species adapted to the Mediterranean climate, has expanded into new climatic regions. Uruguay has a humid temperate climate and highly irregular climatic conditions among years. Environmental factors can be an obstacle to full production, as they affect pollination and fruit set. In this research, the phenology of five olive cultivars (Arbequina, Arbosana, Manzanilla, Picual and Koroneiki) widely cultivated in Uruguay was studied, using the BBCH phenological scale. The pollen grains of five cultivars were submitted to in vitro germination and incubated at temperatures of 0°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30° and 40°C for 24 hours, and pollen grains germination and pollen tube length were evaluated. These temperatures were analyzed for the occurrence probability. They were based on the historical series analysis of hourly average temperature data, from September 26 to November 15 (flowering period), for the years of 1998 to 2019. Phenology results show that flowering can occur from day 268 to day 320 of the year, with cultivar 'Manzanilla' being the earliest and 'Arbosana' the latest. It was observed that the temperature of 10°C has no effect on pollen grain germination and on pollen tube growth. Moreover, the temperatures of 15 to
20°C are not very effective and the optimal temperature occurs between 25 and 30°C. In Uruguay, during flowering, temperatures between 10 and 20°C are more likely to occur. These results indicate possible causes that affect fruit set and productivity of olive trees in the field. MenosThe olive tree (Olea europaea L.), a species adapted to the Mediterranean climate, has expanded into new climatic regions. Uruguay has a humid temperate climate and highly irregular climatic conditions among years. Environmental factors can be an obstacle to full production, as they affect pollination and fruit set. In this research, the phenology of five olive cultivars (Arbequina, Arbosana, Manzanilla, Picual and Koroneiki) widely cultivated in Uruguay was studied, using the BBCH phenological scale. The pollen grains of five cultivars were submitted to in vitro germination and incubated at temperatures of 0°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30° and 40°C for 24 hours, and pollen grains germination and pollen tube length were evaluated. These temperatures were analyzed for the occurrence probability. They were based on the historical series analysis of hourly average temperature data, from September 26 to November 15 (flowering period), for the years of 1998 to 2019. Phenology results show that flowering can occur from day 268 to day 320 of the year, with cultivar 'Manzanilla' being the earliest and 'Arbosana' the latest. It was observed that the temperature of 10°C has no effect on pollen grain germination and on pollen tube growth. Moreover, the temperatures of 15 to
20°C are not very effective and the optimal temperature occurs between 25 and 30°C. In Uruguay, during flowering, temperatures between 10 and 20°C are more likely to occur. These results indicate possible causes that aff... Presentar Todo |
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Palabras claves : |
ARBEQUINA; FRUIT SET; OLEA EUROPAEA L; OLIVO; POLINIZATION; POLLEN GERMINATION. |
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Asunto categoría : |
-- |
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URL : |
https://www.cropj.com/dias_16_9_2022_1094_1100.pdf
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Marc : |
LEADER 02420naa a2200289 a 4500
001 1063890
005 2022-12-23
008 2022 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
022 $a1835-2707
100 1 $aDIAS, C.S.
245 $aLow spring temperature may negatively influence olive yield.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2022
520 $aThe olive tree (Olea europaea L.), a species adapted to the Mediterranean climate, has expanded into new climatic regions. Uruguay has a humid temperate climate and highly irregular climatic conditions among years. Environmental factors can be an obstacle to full production, as they affect pollination and fruit set. In this research, the phenology of five olive cultivars (Arbequina, Arbosana, Manzanilla, Picual and Koroneiki) widely cultivated in Uruguay was studied, using the BBCH phenological scale. The pollen grains of five cultivars were submitted to in vitro germination and incubated at temperatures of 0°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30° and 40°C for 24 hours, and pollen grains germination and pollen tube length were evaluated. These temperatures were analyzed for the occurrence probability. They were based on the historical series analysis of hourly average temperature data, from September 26 to November 15 (flowering period), for the years of 1998 to 2019. Phenology results show that flowering can occur from day 268 to day 320 of the year, with cultivar 'Manzanilla' being the earliest and 'Arbosana' the latest. It was observed that the temperature of 10°C has no effect on pollen grain germination and on pollen tube growth. Moreover, the temperatures of 15 to 20°C are not very effective and the optimal temperature occurs between 25 and 30°C. In Uruguay, during flowering, temperatures between 10 and 20°C are more likely to occur. These results indicate possible causes that affect fruit set and productivity of olive trees in the field.
653 $aARBEQUINA
653 $aFRUIT SET
653 $aOLEA EUROPAEA L
653 $aOLIVO
653 $aPOLINIZATION
653 $aPOLLEN GERMINATION
700 1 $aARIAS-SIBILLOTTE, M.
700 1 $aTISCORNIA, G.
700 1 $aSEVERINO, V.
700 1 $aPASA, M.
700 1 $aHERTER, F.G.
700 1 $aMELLO-FARIAS, P.
700 1 $aCONDE, P.
773 $tAustralian Journal of Crop Science, 2022, volume 16, number 9, pages 1094-1100. OPEN ACCESS. doi: https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.09.p3602
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